The Deacon's Didache

Tuesday, February 23, 2010

After These Things the Lord Appointed Seventy Others Also: St. Luke 10:1-22

St. Luke 10:1-22: "1 After these things the Lord appointed seventy others also, and sent them two by two before His face into every city and place where He Himself was about to go. 2 Then He said to them, 'The harvest truly is great, but the laborers are few; therefore pray the Lord of the harvest to send out laborers into His harvest. 3 Go your way; behold, I send you out as lambs among wolves. 4 Carry neither money bag, knapsack, nor sandals; and greet no one along the road. 5 But whatever house you enter, first say, "Peace to this house." 6 And if a son of peace is there, your peace will rest on it; if not, it will return to you. 7 And remain in the same house, eating and drinking such things as they give, for the laborer is worthy of his wages. Do not go from house to house. 8 Whatever city you enter, and they receive you, eat such things as are set before you. 9 And heal the sick there, and say to them, "The kingdom of God has come near to you." 10 But whatever city you enter, and they do not receive you, go out into its streets and say, 11 "The very dust of your city which clings to us we wipe off against you. Nevertheless know this, that the kingdom of God has come near you." 12 But I say to you that it will be more tolerable in that Day for Sodom than for that city. 13 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. 14 But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment than for you. 15 And you, Capernaum, who are exalted to heaven, will be brought down to Hades. 16 He who hears you hears Me, he who rejects you rejects Me, and he who rejects Me rejects Him who sent Me.' 17 Then the seventy returned with joy, saying, 'Lord, even the demons are subject to us in Your name.' 18 And He said to them, 'I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. 19 Behold, I give you the authority to trample on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy, and nothing shall by any means hurt you. 20 Nevertheless do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you, but rather rejoice because your names are written in heaven.' 21 In that hour Jesus rejoiced in the Spirit and said, 'I thank You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that You have hidden these things from the wise and prudent and revealed them to babes. Even so, Father, for so it seemed good in Your sight. 22 All things have been delivered to Me by My Father, and no one knows who the Son is except the Father, and who the Father is except the Son, and the one to whom the Son wills to reveal Him.'"

After our Lord Jesus has firmly set His face to go to Jerusalem, He sends out seventy disciples to preach that the kingdom of God was at hand. It is interesting that the Evangelist records this narrative, for according to certain Early Fathers, St. Luke (and St. Mark), was one of these seventy chosen by our Lord to be sent out. This is interesting, because the same Early Fathers record for us that St. Luke (and St. Mark) was a part of the group of followers of our Lord Jesus Christ who after hearing the words of our Lord recorded in the Gospel of St. John, the sixth chapter, left our Lord Jesus. We are told that St. Luke (and St. Mark) returned later, repenting of his sin, and became a writer of the Gospel.

This is mentioned, because some manuscripts say the seventy, and others seventy-two. Well, why the difference? The explanation given by these Fathers is that certain manuscripts leave out the two who left our Lord after the events in St. John chapter 6. That is, St. Luke and St. Mark are not included in the numbering of some manuscripts, and in other manuscripts they are.

If the report of those certain Early Fathers is accurate (see Hippolytus and Eusebius), then we can assume that the Evangelist St. Luke had a first hand knowledge of the event recorded in this pericope, because he was there. Regardless, there are some differences to be noted between our Lord sending out the twelve Apostles, and the sending of these seventy (or seventy-two) disciples. There are also some similarities.

They, like the Apostles, were not to bring anything with them. They were also not to speak to anyone that they met along the way. This means that they were sent to certain places and individuals, not just to whomever they met. There is no standing on a street corner with a big sign, or a megaphone for the Apostles and theses seventy disciples. Our Lord tasks them with preaching to certain people, and at certain times.

Another similarity between the Apostles and the seventy were that those cities which did not receive them, were to be publicly admonished by the shaking of the dust from their feet, and the proclamation against the particular city.

However, unlike the Apostles, wherever they ended up, they were to stay there. And receive whatever wages those who welcomed them would give them. The Apostles were to go from town to town, the seventy disciples were to find a town that would welcome them to hear the Gospel, and stay there. From this difference we can see that the seventy disciples were not tasked by our Lord, in the same way that the Apostles were tasked.

St. Augustine states that these seventy (in his reading from a different variation on the text he states the seveny-two) represent the second order of clergy, namely, the presbyters, or priests. The Apostles represented the order of Bishops. Therefore, the seventy's calling and sending did not involve tasks that belonged to the Apostles. Just like the Apostles had tasks that were specific to them alone. St. Cyril also makes this distinction adding that Moses prefigured this calling of the seventy when he chose seventy Israelites, by the command of God, to pour out His Spirit. St. Cyril goes on to say that this was also prefigured in the Book of Moses, commonly called Numbers, when they reached Elim, and there were twelve fountains of water, and seventy palms. Hearing him in is own words is best:

"In the book of Numbers also it was written of the children of Israel, that they came to Elim, which is by interpretation 'ascent,' and there were there twelve fountains of water, and seventy palm trees. For when we fly to spiritual refreshment, we shall find twelve fountains, namely, the holy Apostles, from whom we imbibe the knowledge of salvation as from the well-springs of the Saviour; and seventy palms, that is, those who were now appointed by Christ. For the palm is a tree of sound core, striking deep root and fruitful, always growing by the water side, yet at the same time putting forth its leaves upwards."

Thus far St. Cyril. What a lovely comparison! The words of the Apostles, which became for us the Holy Scriptures of the New Testament are the words by which we learn of our Lord Jesus, and what He has done, and does for us. And our Lord plants palms, that is ministers of His Word, next to those holy streams of His salvation, to proclaim to all that the stream of salvation is nearby, for a palm tree always grows near the water.

Therefore we have water and palms to lead us to our Lord Jesus, and quench our sin-parched lips with the refreshing Gospel of forgiveness, life and salvation. And these ministers of God, who today, like the seventy of this account, are called to one place, and serve those who would receive them, and they gladly receive whatever wage is offered to them, all so that those might hear that the kingdom of God is at hand, that is, that our Lord Jesus has come, and He has fulfilled the Law perfectly for us, and suffered and died in our place, so that we might have forgiveness of sins, eternal life, and salvation.

May God be with you!

Deacon Dulas

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